Tuesday, 4 December 2007

'Britannicus noster': The First British Thinker

Reading about Roman Britain reminded me of our first, extant British thinker, Pelagius Britto, Pelagius the Brit, whose dates are roughly 360CE to 430, though after he was condemned for heresy in c 420 he rather disappears, last seen in Egypt or Palestine, apparently. His views were attacked with a vindictive venom by Jerome, and Augustine also had a go at him. But what a ghastly doctrine of Original Sin, I'd prefer to go along with Pelagius. There is a traditional view apparently and for which there is no evidence that he returned to Britain, specifically to the place he had been as a child, Bangor-is-y-coed, a few miles south of Chester. Two or three years ago I had a strong urge to visit the place and was astonished to realise that it had been the site of a large monastic settlement, mentioned by Bede, a place where there was a massacre later in some battle between the Mercians and the Northumbrians (I need to check who the combatants were, and something about the Red Field). There is an interesting story in Bede about the reluctance of the British priests to help Augustine (of Canterbury) in the conversion of their colonial masters the Anglo-Saxons. They sent a delegation to see him, but were advised by an old priest (?) to take their cue from the demeanour of Augustine. If he greeted them with a suitable courtesy and modesty then okay, otherwise, no cooperation ... for which they were cursed .... He remained seated when they arrived ...

The other traditional view is that 'Pelagius' translates as Morgan, the man who comes from (across) the sea (so maybe he was (of) Irish (descent), though his father was supposed to be a decurion). His doctrines at least appear to have made it back to Britain perhaps via someone they call 'the Sicilian Briton' (to whom is attributed a passionate Pelagian essay against wealth as the cause of poverty) and and were preserved in Ireland, and that is supposed to explain the hasty mission of Germanus to Britain to stamp out the 'poisonous' doctrine of Pelagianism. They were pretty nasty, those guys. There is also a claim that there is something Druidic about Pelagius' version of Christianity (though I am not sure how the commentators I have read are so confident of their knowledge of Druid doctrine) and that it fitted into the Celtic tradition of warrior heroism. Anyway, after my trip to Bangor and a walk along the Dee I wrote about Pelagius, a bit stodgy in places and there is a grumble from Augustine in italics:


A place to die where in the wind
The trees that lean towards the river

Also creak and groan as I do now
But I am not, as I was, affronted

By the insult of old age
The distant hills still there and I

Recognised only by one old monk

ii

He was large and stout, grandis
Et corpulentus


Walked like a turtle
Fat and slow

Awash with porridge
Our Britisher in Rome, his home

For thirty years
Across the square he goes, to speak

Exquisitely with friends and strangers
Of Christ our light in darkness

Lingers over supper with the ladies
His head thrust forward with the concentration

Of an angry ram

Though he frowned with urgency

Not anger, his exasperation
With us, his conforming pagans

And our doctrines of convenience
To our luxury and torpor
Mildly expressed with charm and grace

There was never a man more gracious
Than the man, Pelagius
Nor a man more sharp, nor of cooler wit

What matters is what you do

And what you refuse to do


iii


So I had thought as well

A good man
Advanced in the faith

Till I saw how he tempted his disciples
To pride, an enemy of grace

No grace but the law and teaching
And our creation as free beings

He was not
As I was forced to be
Twice-born

Who could not act
Unless God raised me first
Raised me by force and sweetness

From my concupiscence and sin


iv

I need a stick and a sturdy boy
To get down here again to the river's edge

To settle my limbs a moment on a bench
And listen to the rush of water

As it runs, down to Carlegion, and the sea

v

Ah, a grace of nature shows me flowers
In winter, a kindly, friendly sign

A flurry of snowdrops along the bank
Shows me life emerge from death

The bridge that the river can be crossed
The church that death wakes us into life


I sang here


But wake from the same dream
Of my remote island, wet and green

And the mental scourges start to sting
Again, the sufferings of Christ

Lay on my soul the grace
Of the Father, I consent

And my resentment melts
That anxious, controlling intellects

Condemned me, ah, to what?
Another Flight into Egypt

And after interrupted sleep the dawn
Shows through the curtained door

And I watch the sun rise hugely
Between the two hills, see light

Race across the plain towards me
Flood me with illumination, and God's grace

vi

We are by God's good grace created
To choose or refuse the good

To be changed by the path we take
Into light or into darkness

Even to perdition, or salvation, never
Say my sin is not my choice

But my necessity
(How would it then be sin?)

If we choose evil, pride
Then the act is ours …

… So how can it not be ours
If we choose the good

Are my good deeds then not my deeds?
—Praise is for encouragement, not pride

As blame is for admonition
What is ours is given

What we are
Does not come from us

I have turned gladly towards his light
And sometimes stubbornly away

From what I saw was good
I have been shown what I need to see

The right book has come to hand
Opened at the page I need to read

The unexpected memory, the dream
The moral luck that rescued me

From what I knew too well I willed
But I cannot tell

Whether God prevents us …
Or our larger selves

In the swift perception of created spirit

vii

A natural shame and indignation
Recoil from the brutal act

That also satisfies, reveals
The will to good as well as evil

Native in the first blush
Of our God-created spirit, smothered

We thought we crushed it
In the fleshly habits of desire

We follow our father Adam in
Too stupefied to own our sin

Unknown the treasure buried deep

II

We shook from our heels
The dust of Syracuse

And took his books away
From the heat and accusation

And reached our northern islands
Where we dispersed

To teach Christ’s truth
Be cursed, and still obey

ii

So much reality, so dark
Occluded from the density of sense

By the red light of desire
But I was lifted in the spirit

Swirling and billowing out
I was the sail, the flimsy curragh, lifted

Whirled and tossed and racing, spun
In turbulent current, rushing, gusting wind

iii

I stood waist deep and naked
In the freezing winter river

Chanting the psalms and praising God
I fasted and kept night vigils, used the rod

Contending for the athlete's prize, austerity
Subdued the flesh but attuned

The body, payment for release
Of the bound spirit, straining to be free

iv

Miles out and dangerous, the Skellig rock
And a violent shock and wall of wind

To lean against and scream within its roar
News of the Christ to the restless, desperate sea.

No comments: